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A West Point Treasure
Legends That Every Child Should Know
Tarzan of the Apes
A Son of Ishmael: A Novel
A United States Midshipman in the Philippines
Jealousy, Sacrifice, and Survival Amid the Arctic Wilderness
The Frozen DeepbyWilkie Collinsis a dramatic tale of emotional rivalry, redemption, and endurance set against the terrifying isolation of the Arctic. Inspired partly by Victorian fascination with polar exploration, the story combines psychological conflict, romantic tension, and survival drama within an environment of extreme cold, danger, and emotional intensity.
Collins transforms the frozen landscape into both a physical and symbolic setting where hidden emotions are tested under unbearable pressure.
An Arctic Expedition Becomes a Moral Trial
The story follows a group of men participating in a dangerous polar expedition, carrying with them not only supplies and ambitions, but also personal rivalries and emotional wounds.
At the center stands Richard Wardour, a passionate and emotionally troubled man consumed by jealousy after losing the woman he loves to another.
As the expedition moves deeper into the deadly Arctic environment, resentment and emotional conflict threaten relationships already strained by fear, exhaustion, and isolation.
The frozen wilderness gradually strips away social restraint and forces characters to confront their deepest moral instincts.
Moments of danger and suffering eventually transform hatred into unexpected sacrifice and emotional redemption.
The Figures Within the Arctic Drama
Richard Wardour: A proud and emotionally tormented man struggling between jealousy, bitterness, and moral transformation.The Romantic Rival: The successful suitor whose presence intensifies emotional conflict and resentment.The Woman at the Center of the Rivalry: A figure whose emotional choices influence the destinies of those around her.The Arctic Expedition Members: Companions facing survival, isolation, and psychological strain within the frozen wilderness.
The interaction between emotional rivalry and physical danger gives the story much of its dramatic power.
Redemption Through Sacrifice
One of the story’s strongest ideas is that extreme suffering can force individuals to confront and overcome destructive emotions. Collins portrays jealousy and wounded pride as emotionally corrosive forces capable of isolating individuals from compassion and humanity.
Yet the narrative also suggests redemption remains possible through courage, selflessness, and sacrifice.
The Arctic setting becomes symbolic of emotional desolation as well as moral purification.
The harsh environment strips life down to essential human qualities: loyalty, endurance, mercy, and survival.
Major Themes Running Through the Story
Jealousy and Emotional Conflict: Romantic rivalry creates bitterness, resentment, and psychological tension.Survival and Human Endurance: The Arctic wilderness tests both physical and emotional strength.Redemption and Sacrifice: Characters seek moral renewal through courage and selflessness.Isolation and Psychological Pressure: Extreme conditions intensify emotional conflict and inner struggle.
Collins’s Blend of Melodrama and Adventure
The Frozen Deepdemonstrates Wilkie Collins’s ability to combine emotional drama with large-scale adventure and theatrical atmosphere. Originally connected to stage performance and collaboration with Charles Dickens, the story carries strong visual intensity and emotional momentum.
Collins uses the Arctic environment not merely as scenery, but as an active force shaping character and destiny.
The pacing steadily intensifies as emotional conflict and physical danger converge.
Why the Story Still Captivates Readers
Modern readers continue enjoyingThe Frozen Deepbecause it combines psychological drama with survival adventure in emotionally compelling ways.
The themes of jealousy, redemption, endurance, and sacrifice remain universally powerful.
For readers interested in Victorian adventure fiction, polar exploration stories, emotional melodrama, and narratives of personal transformation under extreme conditions, this work remains atmospheric, intense, and deeply moving.
The date is between twenty and thirty years ago. The place is an English sea-port. The time is night. And the business of the moment is—dancing.
The Mayor and Corporation of the town are giving a grand ball, in celebration of the departure of an Arctic expedition from their port. The ships of the expedition are two in number—the
Wanderer
and the
Sea-mew
. They are to sail (in search of the Northwest Passage) on the next day, with the morning tide.
Honor to the Mayor and Corporation! It is a brilliant ball. The band is complete. The room is spacious. The large conservatory opening out of it is pleasantly lighted with Chinese lanterns, and beautifully decorated with shrubs and flowers. All officers of the army and navy who are present wear their uniforms in honor of the occasion. Among the ladies, the display of dresses (a subject which the men don’t understand) is bewildering—and the average of beauty (a subject which the men do understand) is the highest average attainable, in all parts of the room.
For the moment, the dance which is in progress is a quadrille. General admiration selects two of the ladies who are dancing as its favorite objects. One is a dark beauty in the prime of womanhood—the wife of First Lieutenant Crayford, of the
Wanderer
. The other is a young girl, pale and delicate; dressed simply in white; with no ornament on her head but her own lovely brown hair. This is Miss Clara Burnham—an orphan. She is Mrs. Crayford’s dearest friend, and she is to stay with Mrs. Crayford during the lieutenant’s absence in the Arctic regions. She is now dancing, with the lieutenant himself for partner, and with Mrs. Crayford and Captain Helding (commanding officer of the
Wanderer
) for vis-a-vis—in plain English, for opposite couple.
The conversation between Captain Helding and Mrs. Crayford, in one of the intervals of the dance, turns on Miss Burnham. The captain is greatly interested in Clara. He admires her beauty; but he thinks her manner—for a young girl—strangely serious and subdued. Is she in delicate health?
Mrs. Crayford shakes her head; sighs mysteriously; and answers,
“In
very
delicate health, Captain Helding.”
“Consumptive?”
“Not in the least.”
“I am glad to hear that. She is a charming creature, Mrs. Crayford. She interests me indescribably. If I was only twenty years younger—perhaps (as I am not twenty years younger) I had better not finish the sentence? Is it indiscreet, my dear lady, to inquire what
is
the matter with her?”
“It might be indiscreet, on the part of a stranger,” said Mrs. Crayford. “An old friend like you may make any inquiries. I wish I could tell you what is the matter with Clara. It is a mystery to the doctors themselves. Some of the mischief is due, in my humble opinion, to the manner in which she has been brought up.”
“Ay! ay! A bad school, I suppose.”
“Very bad, Captain Helding. But not the sort of school which you have in your mind at this moment. Clara’s early years were spent in a lonely old house in the Highlands of Scotland. The ignorant people about her were the people who did the mischief which I have just been speaking of. They filled her mind with the superstitions which are still respected as truths in the wild North—especially the superstition called the Second Sight.”
“God bless me!” cried the captain, “you don’t mean to say she believes in such stuff as that? In these enlightened times too!”
Mrs. Crayford looked at her partner with a satirical smile.
“In these enlightened times, Captain Helding, we only believe in dancing tables, and in messages sent from the other world by spirits who can’t spell! By comparison with such superstitions as these, even the Second Sight has something—in the shape of poetry—to recommend it, surely? Estimate for yourself,” she continued seriously, “the effect of such surroundings as I have described on a delicate, sensitive young creature—a girl with a naturally imaginative temperament leading a lonely, neglected life. Is it so very surprising that she should catch the infection of the superstition about her? And is it quite incomprehensible that her nervous system should suffer accordingly, at a very critical period of her life?”
“Not at all, Mrs. Crayford—not at all, ma’am, as you put it. Still it is a little startling, to a commonplace man like me, to meet a young lady at a ball who believes in the Second Sight. Does she really profess to see into the future? Am I to understand that she positively falls into a trance, and sees people in distant countries, and foretells events to come? That is the Second Sight, is it not?”
“That is the Second Sight, captain. And that is, really and positively, what she does.”
“The young lady who is dancing opposite to us?”
“The young lady who is dancing opposite to us.”
The captain waited a little—letting the new flood of information which had poured in on him settle itself steadily in his mind. This process accomplished, the Arctic explorer proceeded resolutely on his way to further discoveries.
“May I ask, ma’am, if you have ever seen her in a state of trance with your own eyes?” he inquired.
“My sister and I both saw her in the trance, little more than a month since,” Mrs. Crayford replied. “She had been nervous and irritable all the morning; and we took her out into the garden to breathe the fresh air. Suddenly, without any reason for it, the color left her face. She stood between us, insensible to touch, insensible to sound; motionless as stone, and cold as death in a moment. The first change we noticed came after a lapse of some minutes. Her hands began to move slowly, as if she was groping in the dark. Words dropped one by one from her lips, in a lost, vacant tone, as if she was talking in her sleep. Whether what she said referred to past or future I cannot tell you. She spoke of persons in a foreign country—perfect strangers to my sister and to me. After a little interval, she suddenly became silent. A momentary color appeared in her face, and left it again. Her eyes closed—her feet failed her—and she sank insensible into our arms.”
“Sank insensible into your arms,” repeated the captain, absorbing his new information. “Most extraordinary! And—in this state of health—she goes out to parties, and dances. More extraordinary still!”
“You are entirely mistaken,” said Mrs. Crayford. “She is only here to-night to please me; and she is only dancing to please my husband. As a rule, she shuns all society. The doctor recommends change and amusement for her. She won’t listen to him. Except on rare occasions like this, she persists in remaining at home.”
Captain Helding brightened at the allusion to the doctor. Something practical might be got out of the doctor. Scientific man. Sure to see this very obscure subject under a new light. “How does it strike the doctor now?” said the captain. “Viewed simply as a Case, ma’am, how does it strike the doctor?”
“He will give no positive opinion,” Mrs. Crayford answered. “He told me that such cases as Clara’s were by no means unfamiliar to medical practice. ‘We know,’ he told me, ‘that certain disordered conditions of the brain and the nervous system produce results quite as extraordinary as any that you have described—and there our knowledge ends. Neither my science nor any man’s science can clear up the mystery in this case. It is an especially difficult case to deal with, because Miss Burnham’s early associations dispose her to attach a superstitious importance to the malady—the hysterical malady as some doctors would call it—from which she suffers. I can give you instructions for preserving her general health; and I can recommend you to try some change in her life—provided you first relieve her mind of any secret anxieties that may possibly be preying on it.’”
The captain smiled self-approvingly. The doctor had justified his anticipations. The doctor had suggested a practical solution of the difficulty.
“Ay! ay! At last we have hit the nail on the head! Secret anxieties. Yes! yes! Plain enough now. A disappointment in love—eh, Mrs. Crayford?”
“I don’t know, Captain Helding; I am quite in the dark. Clara’s confidence in me—in other matters unbounded—is, in this matter of her (supposed) anxieties, a confidence still withheld. In all else we are like sisters. I sometimes fear there may indeed be some trouble preying secretly on her mind. I sometimes feel a little hurt at her incomprehensible silence.”
Captain Helding was ready with his own practical remedy for this difficulty.
“Encouragement is all she wants, ma’am. Take my word for it, this matter rests entirely with you. It’s all in a nutshell. Encourage her to confide in you—and she
will
confide.”
“I am waiting to encourage her, captain, until she is left alone with me—after you have all sailed for the Arctic seas. In the meantime, will you consider what I have said to you as intended for your ear only? And will you forgive me, if I own that the turn the subject has taken does not tempt me to pursue it any further?”
The captain took the hint. He instantly changed the subject; choosing, on this occasion, safe professional topics. He spoke of ships that were ordered on foreign service; and, finding that these as subjects failed to interest Mrs. Crayford, he spoke next of ships that were ordered home again. This last experiment produced its effect—an effect which the captain had not bargained for.
“Do you know,” he began, “that the
Atalanta
is expected back from the West Coast of Africa every day? Have you any acquaintances among the officers of that ship?”
As it so happened, he put those questions to Mrs. Crayford while they were engaged in one of the figures of the dance which brought them within hearing of the opposite couple. At the same moment—to the astonishment of her friends and admirers—Miss Clara Burnham threw the quadrille into confusion by making a mistake! Everybody waited to see her set the mistake right. She made no attempt to set it right—she turned deadly pale and caught her partner by the arm.
“The heat!” she said, faintly. “Take me away—take me into the air!”
Lieutenant Crayford instantly led her out of the dance, and took her into the cool and empty conservatory, at the end of the room. As a matter of course, Captain Helding and Mrs. Crayford left the quadrille at the same time. The captain saw his way to a joke.
“Is this the trance coming on?” he whispered. “If it is, as commander of the Arctic expedition, I have a particular request to make. Will the Second Sight oblige me by seeing the shortest way to the Northwest Passage, before we leave England?”
Mrs. Crayford declined to humor the joke. “If you will excuse my leaving you,” she said quietly, “I will try and find out what is the matter with Miss Burnham.”
At the entrance to the conservatory, Mrs. Crayford encountered her husband. The lieutenant was of middle age, tall and comely. A man with a winning simplicity and gentleness in his manner, and an irresistible kindness in his brave blue eyes. In one word, a man whom everybody loved—including his wife.
“Don’t be alarmed,” said the lieutenant. “The heat has overcome her—that’s all.”
Mrs. Crayford shook her head, and looked at her husband, half satirically, half fondly.
“You dear old innocent!” she exclaimed, “that excuse may do for
you
. For my part, I don’t believe a word of it. Go and get another partner, and leave Clara to me.”
She entered the conservatory and seated herself by Clara’s side.
The date is between twenty and thirty years ago. The place is an English sea-port. The time is night. And the business of the moment is—dancing. The Mayor and Corporation of the town are giving a gra…
“Now, my dear!” Mrs. Crayford began, “what does this mean?” “Nothing.” “That won’t do, Clara. Try again.” “The heat of the room—” “That won’t do, either. Say that you choose to keep your own secre…
The burden on Clara’s mind weighs on it more heavily than ever, after what Mrs. Crayford has said to her. She is too unhappy to feel the inspiriting influence of the dance. After a turn round the room…
It was not easy to find Mrs. Crayford in the crowd. Searching here, and searching there, Frank became conscious of a stranger, who appeared to be looking for somebody, on his side. He was a dark, heav…
The morning of the next day—the morning on which the ships were to sail—came bright and breezy. Mrs. Crayford, having arranged to follow her husband to the water-side, and see the last of him before h…
Good-by to England! Good-by to inhabited and civilized regions of the earth! Two years have passed since the voyagers sailed from their native shores. The enterprise has failed—the Arctic expedition …
The first sound that broke the silence came from the inner apartment. An officer lifted the canvas screen in the hut of the Sea-mew and entered the main room. Cold and privation had badly thinned the…
The sailor on watch opened the outer door. There, plodding over the ghastly white snow, were the officers of the Wanderer approaching the hut. There, scattered under the merciless black sky, were the…
Crayford touched his friend on the shoulder to rouse him. Wardour looked up, impatiently, with a frown. “I was just asleep,” he said. “Why do you wake me?” “Look round you, Richard. We are alone.” …
Ax in hand, Wardour approached Frank’s bed-place. “If I could only cut the thoughts out of me,” he said to himself, “as I am going to cut the billets out of this wood!” He attacked the bed-place with…

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